The Caspian Red Deer, scientifically known as Cervus elaphus maral, is a notable subspecies of red deer found in the Caspian region. Physically, the Caspian Red Deer is distinguishable by its reddish-brown coat and prominent, branched antlers. Males, or stags, bear these antlers, which can reach considerable sizes and complexity, making them formidable contenders during the breeding season. In contrast, females, or hinds, have more modest antlers or none. 

Caspian Red Deer primarily inhabit the dense and expansive forests of the Caspian region, which spans across the Caucasus and some areas of Iran. These regions offer a mix of rugged mountains and verdant valleys, providing an ideal habitat for their survival. The deer are remarkably adaptive, capable of navigating through challenging terrains and enduring harsh weather conditions.

As herbivores, Caspian Red Deer feed on a varied diet of grasses, leaves, shrubs, and fruits, adjusting their eating habits based on seasonal changes in vegetation availability. Their ecological role as grazers contributes to shaping the landscape and regulating plant populations.

Socially, Caspian Red Deer exhibit intricate behaviors. Female hinds form tight-knit groups with their young, providing protection and support for the calves. In contrast, stags typically adopt a more solitary lifestyle, except during the rutting season. During this period, stags engage in intense and vocal displays, competing for mating rights with hinds. The stags with the largest and most impressive antlers generally gain mating privileges.

Despite their resilience and adaptability, Caspian Red Deer face significant conservation challenges. Habitat loss, fragmentation, and poaching have threatened their populations over the years. As a result, various conservation initiatives and organizations strive to safeguard their habitats and protect these magnificent creatures from further decline.