Argali Gansu Sheep, also known as Gansu Argali, are one of the largest wild sheep species in the world. They have a robust and muscular body, covered in dense, woolly fur. The coloration of their coat ranges from light brown to grayish-brown, providing excellent camouflage in their rocky mountain habitats. Males, known as rams, possess massive, spiraled horns that can grow to impressive lengths, while females, known as ewes, have shorter, more slender horns.

Argali Gansu Sheep are native to the mountainous regions of Central Asia, particularly in the Gansu province of China, after which they are named. They are highly adapted to live in high-altitude environments, often found at elevations exceeding 13,000 feet. These sheep prefer rugged terrains with rocky outcrops, steep slopes, and meadows where they can find ample grazing opportunities.

Argali Gansu Sheep are social animals, and they form small herds consisting of females, young lambs, and a dominant male. The males establish hierarchies through displays of strength, such as headbutting contests during the breeding season. Breeding typically occurs in the late fall or early winter. The dominant male, or ram, competes with other males to gain mating rights with the females. After a gestation period of around five to six months, the ewes give birth to a single lamb, which is well-developed and able to stand and walk shortly after birth.

These mammals are agile climbers and can traverse rocky terrain with ease, allowing them to escape predators and find food in otherwise inaccessible areas. Their diet primarily consists of grasses, herbs, and shrubs found in their habitat. Due to the harsh conditions of their environment, Argali Gansu Sheep have developed specialized digestive systems that allow them to extract nutrients efficiently from their plant-based diet.

Argali Gansu Sheep face several conservation challenges. Their natural habitat is threatened by human activities such as mining, livestock grazing, and infrastructure development. Additionally, illegal hunting for their meat and valuable horns has further reduced their population. As a result, they are classified as a vulnerable species by conservation organizations, necessitating efforts to protect their habitats and regulate hunting.