The Afghan Urial is a species of wild sheep native to the rugged mountains of Afghanistan and some neighboring regions. It is one of the subspecies of Urial, which are a type of wild sheep found in Central Asia. The Afghan Urial exhibits several fascinating characteristics. It is a medium-sized wild sheep, with males (rams) typically larger than females (ewes). The males have impressive, curved horns that can grow up to 3 feet in length. These horns are used for territorial displays and battles with other males during the mating season. The coat of the Afghan Urial is dense and coarse, helping them endure the cold and harsh mountain environment. The color of their fur can vary, usually being a mix of brown, gray, and white.

These wild sheep inhabit steep, rocky terrains at high elevations, ranging from 3,000 to 12,000 feet above sea level. They are well-adapted to life in the mountains, with their strong hooves enabling them to traverse rocky slopes and cliffs with ease. Their habitat often includes grassy plateaus and valleys where they can find food. These wild sheep are known for their agility and excellent climbing skills. They are wary of potential threats and rely on their keen senses, such as eyesight and hearing, to detect predators like wolves and eagles. When sensing danger, they use alarm calls to alert others in their herd.

The Afghan Urial is primarily a grazer, which means it mainly feeds on grasses and herbs found in its mountainous habitat. They have a specialized stomach that helps them digest the tough vegetation they consume. These mammals are social animals and are often found in small groups called herds. These herds can consist of a dominant male (ram), several females (ewes), and their young lambs. Males sometimes form bachelor groups outside of the mating season. Breeding usually occurs in the late fall, and the males engage in battles to establish dominance and win the right to mate with the females. After a gestation period of about 150 days, the ewes give birth to one or two lambs. The lambs are born with a protective coat of wool, which helps them survive the harsh mountain climate.

The Afghan Urial faces challenges to its survival due to habitat loss, hunting, and competition with domestic livestock. As a result, they are classified as a vulnerable species. Conservation efforts aim to protect their natural habitats and ensure their long-term survival.