The Transcaspian Urial belongs to the family Bovidae, which includes wild sheep and goats. They are a subspecies of the Urial and are native to the Transcaspian region, encompassing parts of Iran, Turkmenistan, and neighboring areas.

Adult Transcaspian Urial are medium-sized sheep with a sturdy build. They stand about 2 to 3 feet tall at the shoulder and weigh between 150 to 220 pounds. Both males (rams) and females (ewes) have a light-colored coat, which can vary from pale beige to reddish-brown. The coat is long and shaggy, providing insulation against the cold mountain climate. One of the most striking features of male Transcaspian Urial is their large, twisted horns. These impressive horns can grow up to 3 feet long and curve outward and backward, making a half-moon shape. Female Urial also have horns, but they are smaller and less curved than those of males.

These Urials are well-adapted to live in rugged, mountainous terrain. They inhabit rocky slopes, grassy plateaus, and hilly regions at elevations of up to 12,000 feet. Their agility and excellent climbing skills allow them to move freely in these challenging landscapes.

As herbivores, Transcaspian Urials primarily graze on grasses, herbs, shrubs, and other vegetation found in their mountain habitat. Their specialized stomach allows them to digest tough plant materials efficiently. These mammals are social animals and usually form herds. The herds are typically segregated by gender, with adult males forming bachelor groups while females and young form separate herds. During the breeding season, male Urials may compete for dominance through displays and head-butting contests. Breeding season usually occurs in late autumn or early winter. During this time, dominant males compete for mating rights with females. After a gestation period of about 5 to 6 months, female Urials give birth to one or two lambs, which they nurse and protect until the young ones are old enough to join the herd.

In their natural environment, Transcaspian Urials face threats from predators such as wolves, lynxes, and eagles. Their excellent eyesight and vigilance help them detect potential danger and evade predators.

The Transcaspian Urial is classified as "vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Their population is declining due to habitat loss, hunting, and competition for resources with domestic livestock.